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Preheat oven to 250°F.
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Cook onion in 1 Tbsp oil in a 12-inch nonstick skillet over medium heat, stirring occasionally, until golden brown, 6 to 8 minutes. Remove from heat.
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Meanwhile, stir together bread crumbs and milk in a large bowl and let stand 5 minutes.
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Add onion to crumbs (reserve skillet), then add turkey, nutmeg, cinnamon, cayenne, cloves, yolks, 2 tsp salt, and 1 tsp black pepper and combine well.
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Line a large baking sheet with parchment paper. Form 24 (2-inch-wide) patties (about 1/2 inch thick) with damp hands and arrange on sheet.
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Heat 1 Tbsp oil in skillet over medium heat until hot, then cook patties in batches, turning once, until browned and just cooked through, about 8 minutes per batch. Drain briefly on paper towels, then keep warm in a baking pan, loosely covered with foil, in oven. Wipe out skillet and add 1 Tbsp oil between batches.