Serves6 (light main course) or 12 (hors d’oeuvre)
                    
                
                
                    
                        
                            - Active time:40 min
 
                        
                            - Start to finish:3 1/4 hr
 
                        
                    
                
             
            
            
                
                
                
    
      
          
          
          
              
              
              
          
          
          
          
          
              
              
              December 2008
            
          
          
      
  
                
                
            
            
            
                A take on the Provençal tart known as pissaladière, this galette can be served as an hors d’oeuvre or, with a salad, as a light lunch. It gets fullness of flavor from a tangle of sweet caramelized onions that tops a smear of tomato paste enlivened with garlic and anchovies (left over from Mediterranean Eggplant Relish). A flaky homemade pastry crust ups the richness even more. 
            
            
            
            
            
                
                    
                    
                    
                        
                            For pastry
                            
                            
                                
                                    
                                        - 
                                            1 1/4
                                            cups
                                            all-purpose flour
                                            
                                        
 
                                    
                                        - 
                                            1
                                            
                                            stick cold unsalted butter, cut into 1/2-inch cubes
                                            
                                        
 
                                    
                                        - 
                                            1/4
                                            teaspoon
                                            salt
                                            
                                        
 
                                    
                                        - 
                                            3 to 5
                                            tablespoons
                                            ice water
                                            
                                        
 
                                    
                                
                            
                         
                    
                        
                            For filling
                            
                            
                                
                                    
                                        - 
                                            2
                                            
                                            large onions (2 lb total), sliced
                                            
                                        
 
                                    
                                        - 
                                            2
                                            tablespoons
                                            olive oil
                                            
                                        
 
                                    
                                        - 
                                            2
                                            tablespoons
                                            unsalted butter
                                            
                                        
 
                                    
                                        - 
                                            5 to 6
                                            
                                            anchovy fillets
                                            
                                        
 
                                    
                                        - 
                                            1
                                            
                                            garlic clove
                                            
                                        
 
                                    
                                        - 
                                            2
                                            tablespoons
                                            tomato paste
                                            
                                        
 
                                    
                                        - 
                                            1/2
                                            teaspoon
                                            dried thyme, crumbled
                                            
                                        
 
                                    
                                
                            
                         
                    
                 
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
                
                    
                    
                    
                        
                            
                                Make dough:
                                
                                
                                    
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Blend together flour, butter, and salt in a bowl with your fingertips or a pastry blender (or pulse in a food processor) just until most of mixture resembles coarse meal with some roughly pea-size butter lumps.
                                         
                                    
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Drizzle 3 Tbsp ice water evenly over mixture and gently stir with a fork (or pulse in processor) until incorporated.
                                         
                                    
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Squeeze a small handful: If it doesnt hold together, add more ice water, 1/2 Tbsp at a time, stirring (or pulsing) until incorporated, then test again. (Do not overwork mixture or pastry will be tough.)
                                         
                                    
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Turn out mixture onto a lightly floured surface and divide into 4 portions. With heel of your hand, smear each portion once or twice in a forward motion to help distribute fat. Gather dough together, with a pastry or bench scraper if you have one, and press into a ball, then flatten into a 5-inch disk. Chill, wrapped in plastic wrap, until firm, at least 1 hour.
                                         
                                    
                                
                             
                        
                            
                                Caramelize onions while dough chills:
                                
                                
                                    
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Cook onions in oil and butter in a 12-inch heavy skillet over medium heat, stirring occasionally, until softened and golden, about 30 minutes.
                                         
                                    
                                
                             
                        
                            
                                Fill and bake galette:
                                
                                
                                    
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Preheat oven to 375°F with rack in middle.
                                         
                                    
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Finely chop anchovies and garlic together. Stir together with tomato paste and thyme.
                                         
                                    
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Roll out dough on a lightly floured surface with a lightly floured rolling pin into a 13-inch round. Transfer to a parchment-lined large baking sheet.
                                         
                                    
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Spread tomato-anchovy mixture over dough, leaving a 2-inch border along edge, then arrange onions on top. Fold edges of dough inward. Bake until pastry is golden, 45 to 50 minutes. Serve warm or at room temperature.
                                         
                                    
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                    Cooks’ notes: - Dough can be chilled up to 3 days.
 - Onions can be caramelized 1 day ahead and chilled.